Carpet-like Fungi
Lichens cover around 8% of the Earth’s surface in a wide variety of patterns and colors.They are composed of fungi surrounding green algae or cyanobacteria.Through photosynthesis, the algae or cyanobacteria produce polyols and glucose, which they provide to the fungal partnersi.In return, they receive water, minerals, and protection from UV rays.
With over 20,000 species, lichens are essential to life.They enrich the soil, fix nitrogen from the air, and provide food and shelter for animals.Though low in nutrients, lichens have often helped humans survive famine.